Judo is an Olympic - art where competitors known as judokas face opponents in single combat in a tournament of -. The founder of modern Judo Jigaro Keno had a philosophy of maximum -, minimum effort. This is key to the sport of Judo. Judokas must wear a special jacket, - and belt. But judogi, in competition, players wear white or blue. Judogi is essential to the strategies and tactics of the sport. - up is critical. Person who dominates the gripping of the jacket will normally be in the best position to - the fight. Many variations of grips are allowed as long as they're deemed positive with the - to throw. Negative gripping is the intention to block without the intention to throw. So how do you play and how do you win? Each fight is up to four minutes long. Opponents begin the fight with a -. This is fundamental to the - of judo. The referee then signals the start of play as contest begins. The highest score is an ippon. This is the - score because it wins the contest outright and it finishes the fight. There are four ways to score ippon. The first one is to - your opponent on their back with force. And this can be done using a - of throws from many different directions. Sometimes as a direct attack and sometimes - an opponent's attack. Ippon can also be awarded during -. If you hold your opponent on their back for 20 seconds by controlling the upper part of their body, then ippon is awarded and the - is finished. Two other ways to win by ippon are to gain a - either by arm-locking or strangling your opponent. If your opponent taps out, ippon is awarded and the contest is finished. Waza-ari is the next highest score. If two waza-ari is a scored, then ippon is -. Waza-ari is scored for a throw that is not quite the force that - an ippon, so a throw that lands the opponent onto their side, shoulders or - them onto their back. You can also score a waza-ari for a 10-19 second hold down. If all is - at the end of the contest, a period of golden score will begin. In golden score, play continues until a waza-ari or ippon is scored. There is also a - system. Disqualification or hansoku make can be given for major - of the rules. Any behavior, not deemed to be in the spirit of the sport. Penalties for smaller - of the rules are shidos. A shido might be given for stepping out of the - mat area, pushing your opponent purposely outside of the mat area. Any touch of the opponent's legs whilst throwing or in -. Not attacking your opponent quickly enough, or - using negative gripping tactics against your opponent without attacking yourself. Judo has a moral - that operates on the principles of politeness, courage, sincerity, honor, -, respect, self-control and friendship. Enjoy the judo.